Appendix A: References
The following references are formatted in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition (American Psychological Association, 2020).
Books and Academic Sources
Brady, A.-M. (2017). Magic Weapons: China's political influence activities under Xi Jinping. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org
Joske, A. (2020). The party speaks for you: Foreign interference and the Chinese Communist Party's united front system. Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
Mattis, P., & Brazil, M. (2019). Chinese Communist espionage: An intelligence primer. Naval Institute Press.
Molly Roberts, M. E. (2018). Censored: Distraction and diversion inside China's great firewall. Princeton University Press.
Goldsmith, J. (2012). Power and constraint: The accountable presidency after 9/11. W. W. Norton.
Congressional Reports and Government Sources
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2020). China: The risk to academia. U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.fbi.gov/cve/threats/china
Global Engagement Center. (2023). GEC special report: How the People's Republic of China seeks to reshape the global information environment. U.S. Department of State.
National Association of Scholars. (2020). Outsourced to China: Confucius Institutes and soft power in American higher education. NAS.
Safeguard Defenders. (2022). 110 overseas: Chinese transnational policing gone wild. Safeguard Defenders. https://safeguarddefenders.com
Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. (2019). Threats to the U.S. research enterprise: China's talent recruitment plans. U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.
Senate Judiciary Committee. (2022). China's impact on the U.S. education system. U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism.
U.S. Department of Justice. (2018, November 1). Attorney general announces new initiative to combat Chinese economic espionage [Press release]. https://www.justice.gov
Wray, C. (2022, March 1). Testimony before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Federal Bureau of Investigation. https://www.fbi.gov
Court Records and DOJ Indictments
U.S. Department of Justice. (2020, September 21). NYPD police officer arrested for acting as an illegal agent of the Chinese government [Press release — Angwang]. https://www.justice.gov
U.S. Department of Justice. (2021a, January 28). Harvard University professor and two Chinese nationals charged in three separate China related cases [Lieber]. https://www.justice.gov
U.S. Department of Justice. (2021b, November 5). Chinese intelligence officer convicted of economic espionage and theft of trade secrets [Xu]. https://www.justice.gov
U.S. Department of Justice. (2022, October 19). Two individuals convicted for participating in covert harassment campaign against U.S. resident on behalf of the People's Republic of China [McMahon et al.]. https://www.justice.gov
U.S. Department of Justice. (2023a, April 17). Two individuals arrested for operating illegal Chinese police station in New York City. https://www.justice.gov
U.S. Department of Justice. (2008, March 24). Defense contractor sentenced to more than 24 years [Chi Mak]. https://www.justice.gov
Journalism and Reporting
Demirjian, K. (2022, February 23). Justice Dept. drops the China initiative, citing concerns about racial profiling. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com
Swan, J., Dorfman, Z., & Fritz, A. (2020, December 8). Exclusive: Suspected Chinese spy targeted California politicians. Axios. https://www.axios.com
Statutes Cited
Classified Information Procedures Act, 18 U.S.C. App. III (1980).
Economic Espionage Act of 1996, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1839.
Espionage Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 793–798 (1917, as amended).
Foreign Agent Registration Act, 22 U.S.C. § 611 et seq. (1938, as amended).
National Security Act of 1947, 50 U.S.C. § 3001 et seq.
Unregistered Foreign Government Agent Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 951 (1948, as amended).