Appendix A: References

All references formatted in APA 7th edition.

Classical and Foundational Political Theory

Aristotle. (1998). Politics (C. D. C. Reeve, Trans.). Hackett. (Original work ca. 350 BCE)

Madison, J. (2003). Federalist No. 10. In G. W. Carey & J. McClellan (Eds.), The federalist (pp. 42–49). Liberty Fund. (Original work published 1787)

Montesquieu, C. de S. (1989). The spirit of the laws (A. M. Cohler, B. C. Miller, & H. S. Stone, Trans.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1748)

Plato. (1991). The republic (B. Jowett, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work ca. 380 BCE)

Tocqueville, A. de. (2000). Democracy in America (H. C. Mansfield & D. Winthrop, Trans.). University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1835)

Democracy and Democratic Theory

Dahl, R. A. (1998). On democracy. Yale University Press.

Diamond, L. (2019). Ill winds: Saving democracy from Russian rage, Chinese ambition, and American complacency. Penguin Press.

Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2018). How democracies die. Crown.

Norris, P. (2008). Driving democracy: Do power-sharing institutions work? Cambridge University Press.

Fascism

Griffin, R. (1991). The nature of fascism. Pinter Publishers.

Mussolini, B., & Gentile, G. (1932). The doctrine of fascism. Vallecchi.

Paxton, R. O. (2004). The anatomy of fascism. Knopf.

Totalitarianism and Authoritarianism

Arendt, H. (1951). The origins of totalitarianism. Schocken Books.

Friedrich, C. J., & Brzezinski, Z. K. (1965). Totalitarian dictatorship and autocracy (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press.

Linz, J. J. (2000). Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1996). Problems of democratic transition and consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and post-Communist Europe. Johns Hopkins University Press.

North Korea

Demick, B. (2009). Nothing to envy: Ordinary lives in North Korea. Spiegel & Grau.

United Nations Human Rights Council. (2014). Report of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (A/HRC/25/63). United Nations.

Communism (see also Papers One and Two in this series)

Courtois, S., Werth, N., Panné, J.-L., Paczkowski, A., Bartošek, K., & Margolin, J.-L. (1999). The black book of communism: Crimes, terror, repression (J. Murphy & M. Kramer, Trans.). Harvard University Press.

Socialism and Social Democracy (see also Paper Three in this series)

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Princeton University Press.

Kenworthy, L. (2019). Social democratic capitalism. Oxford University Press.

Dictatorship and Competitive Authoritarianism

Geddes, B., Wright, J., & Frantz, E. (2018). How dictatorships work: Power, personalization, and collapse. Cambridge University Press.

Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. (2010). Competitive authoritarianism: Hybrid regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge University Press.

Global Democracy Data and Country Classification

Central Intelligence Agency. (2024). The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/

Economist Intelligence Unit. (2024). Democracy index 2023: Age of conflict. The Economist Group. https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/

Freedom House. (2024). Freedom in the world 2024: Mounting damage. Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2024

Transparency International. (2024). Corruption perceptions index 2023. Transparency International. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023

World Economic Forum. (2023). The global competitiveness report 2023. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org